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millennia. The observed changes provide a consistent picture of a warming
world, many aspects have now been formally attributed to human influence on
the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial components of the climate system, taken
together, assessed as unequivocal for the first time in an IPCC assessment
report.
It is virtually certain that rapid and substantial reductions in global GHG
emissions can limit the increase in global surface temperature and associated
changes. Continued GHG emissions increase the likelihood of potentially
irreversible changes to the global climate system, particularly with respect to
the contribution of ice sheets to global sea level change.
Chile will be affected by global climate change, although the influence of
the Pacific Ocean can mitigate some impacts (Migran et al., 2014).
The country meets seven of the nine vulnerability criteria defined by the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In other words, Chile has
low-lying coastal areas, arid and semi-arid areas, forest areas, territories
susceptible to natural disasters, areas prone to drought and desertification, urban
areas with atmospheric pollution, and mountain ecosystems.
Studies report an increase in temperatures over the last sixty years, especially
in the interior areas of the north and central regions of the country (Falvey and
Garreaud, 2009), an advance of the desert to the south of the order of 400 meters
per year, together with an increase in extreme temperature and decrease