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impacts and adaptation measures in time. Even the 2-degree limit could be at
risk if countries do not complete their respective NDCs.
Several significant results were achieved at the recent COP28 held in Dubai in
2023. One of the main ones was the conclusion of the first Global Stocktake,
which assessed
progress toward
the
goals
of the Paris
Agreement.
This
assessment highlighted the urgent need to move towards a fossil fuel-free
economy. Although this was a significant milestone, some countries expressed
frustration at the lack of a clear commitment to phase out fossil fuels by 2030
and criticized the presence of loopholes in the text that could allow continued
production of coal, oil, and gas.
Another key outcome was a commitment to triple global renewable energy
capacity and double the annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030.
However, developing countries were dissatisfied with the need for new financial
commitments to support their clean energy transition and adapt to climate
change's impacts.
More than three decades of scientific studies and global negotiations have
passed. The diagnosis and predictions of science have been and continue to be
on the table during international negotiations and agreements. Based on them
and on social and economic factors linked to the development of countries,
decision-makers,
and
governments
have
tried
to reduce
GHG emissions,
encourage development based on clean and sustainable energies, facilitate
technology transfer to developing countries, and support adaptation to the
impacts of climate change. En la COP29 se destacó tanto los avances como los
desafíos persistentes en la lucha contra el cambio climático, en llegar a acuerdos
para evitar un mayor calentamiento del planeta, en aumentar significativamente
el financiamiento a los países en desarrollo (aunque siempre falta), y en la
necesidad de acciones más decisivas y rápidas para cumplir con los objetivos
del Acuerdo de París, pero no siempre los acuerdos y avances son al rito que la
urgencia requiere.